[162], The Bedouin were introduced to Meccan ritualistic practices as they frequented settled towns of the Hejaz during the four months of the "holy truce", the first three of which were devoted to religious observance, while the fourth was set aside for trade. The latest repair of Kaaba took place in 1999. [150], The Nabataeans were known for their elaborate tombs, but they were not just for show; they were meant to be comfortable places for the dead. Dominant religion before the rise of Islam was paganism. [71][72] A more elaborate form of the ritual was performed in before the image of Hubal. [92] The rejection of polytheism from the public sphere did not mean the extinction of it altogether, as polytheism likely continued in the private sphere. The same year, during the reign of Ottoman Emperor Murad IV, the Kaaba was rebuilt with granite stones from Mecca, and the Mosque was renovated. [122] Religious divisions were an important cause of the crisis. [58], Pilgrimages to sacred places would be made at certain times of the year. Many of the physical characteristics of the pre-Islamic gods may be traced back to idols, particularly those found around the Kaaba, which is thought to have hosted as many as 360 of them at one time. "Dhul-Khalasah" was an idol worshipped by Daws, Khath`am and Bajeela tribes and some other people in the Tabala area, 48 km south of Mecca. Nevertheless, information is limited. In Petra, the only major goddess is Al-Uzz, assuming the traits of Isis, Tyche and Aphrodite. [177] The religion was introduced in the region including modern-day Bahrain during the rule of Persian empires in the region starting from 250 B.C. [104][107][108], The Kaaba, whose environs were regarded as sacred (haram), became a national shrine under the custodianship of the Quraysh, the chief tribe of Mecca, which made the Hejaz the most important religious area in north Arabia. Direct link to Beth's post We are planning on adding, Posted 7 years ago. He said, "Al-Masjid-ul-Haram (in Mecca)." Muhammad is the founder and . [36] Herodotus in the 5th century BC identifies Alilat (Greek: ) as the Arabic name for Aphrodite (and, in another passage, for Urania),[5] which is strong evidence for worship of Allt in Arabia at that early date. 340 C. 360 D. 330. The literal meaning of the word Ka'bah (Arabic: ) is cube. The Kaaba, granite masonry, covered with silk curtain and calligraphy in gold and silver-wrapped thread, pre-Islamic monument, rededicated by Muhammad in 63132 C.E., multiple renovations, Mecca, Saudi Arabia (photo: Muhammad Mahdi Karim, GNU version 1.2 only). [56] A recent study has revisited the arguments for Macoraba and found them unsatisfactory. [28], Imoti contends that there were numerous such Kaaba sanctuaries in Arabia at one time, but this was the only one built of stone. [54] If a statue were made of wood, gold, or silver, after a human form, it would be an idol, but if the statue were made of stone, it would be an image. This is the second dateable text mentioning the Kaaba, first being some verses from the Quran. The Kaaba, granite masonry, covered with silk curtain and calligraphy in gold and silver-wrapped thread, pre-Islamic monument, rededicated by Muhammad in 63132 C.E., multiple renovations, Mecca, Saudi Arabia (photo: Pilgrimage to a holy site is a core principle of almost all faiths. After Muhammad entered Mecca in 630, he destroyed the statue of Hubal from the Kaaba along with the idols of all the other pagan gods. What did the Muslims destroy in Mecca? Accept (this service) from us: For Thou art the All-Hearing, the All-knowing. The Kaaba with the signature minarets. [180] From the Islamic sources, it seems that Judaism was the religion most followed in Yemen. He also said that the Quraysh tribe manufactured, traded and exported idols to India. [19] The pair of ram's horns were said to have belonged to the ram sacrificed by Ibrahim in place of his son Ismail as held by Islamic tradition. [179], The main areas of Christian influence in Arabia were on the northeastern and northwestern borders and in what was to become Yemen in the south. [4], Each kingdom's central temple was the focus of worship for the main god and would be the destination for an annual pilgrimage, with regional temples dedicated to a local manifestation of the main god. [59] Two references attest the pilgrimage of Almaqah dhu-Hirran at 'Amran. [109] Its role was solidified by a confrontation with the Christian king Abraha, who controlled much of Arabia from a seat of power in Yemen in the middle of the sixth century. Only Muslims may visit the holy cities of Mecca and Medina today. The measurements of the Kaba's Ibrahimic . All financially able-bodied Muslims have a major obligation to perform the six . [8] In the Qur'an, from the era of the life of Muhammad, the Kaaba is mentioned by the following names: According to historian Eduard Glaser, the name "Kaaba" may have been related to the southern Arabian or Ethiopian word "mikrab", signifying a temple. [79] These included Bel, a god popular in the Syrian city of Palmyra, the Mesopotamian deities Nabu and Shamash, the Greek deities Poseidon and Artemis and the west Arabian deities Kahl and Manat.[79]. [158], In Edessa, the solar deity was the primary god around the time of the Roman Emperor Julian and this worship was presumably brought in by migrants from Arabia. paypal confirm receipt before 48 hours; allerta meteo moncalieri; EASTER EGG - The Reason I Bow. Al-Azraqi further conveys how Muhammad, after he entered the Kaaba on the day of the conquest, ordered all the pictures erased except that of Maryam: Shihab (said) that the Prophet (peace be upon him) entered the Kaaba on the day of the conquest, and in it was a picture of the angels (mala'ika), among others, and he saw a picture of Ibrahim and he said: "May Allah kill those representing him as a venerable old man casting arrows in divination (shaykhan yastaqsim bil-azlam)." A. He [Sallallaahu Alaihi Wasallam] broked them down and purified the Holy House of Allah. [11], The pre-Islamic Arabian religions were polytheistic, with many of the deities' names known. [165] Numerous mentions of jinn in the Quran and testimony of both pre-Islamic and Islamic literature indicate that the belief in spirits was prominent in pre-Islamic Bedouin religion. [166], Bedouin religious experience also included an apparently indigenous cult of ancestors. [13][14] Other scholars such as Glen Bowersock disagree and assert that it was. Several rituals were adopted in the pilgrimage including doing naked circumambulation. [59] The pilgrimage of Ta'lab Riyam took place in Mount Tur'at and the Zabyan temple at Hadaqan, while the pilgrimage of Dhu-Samawi, the god of the Amir tribe, took place in Yathill. The site housed about 360 idols and attracted worshippers from all over Arabia. Idol4- Head of a plaster statue from the Umayyad period. Once a year, tribes from all around the Arabian peninsula . Inside the Kaaba are two rooms. When Muhammad conquered Mecca in 631 AD, he allegedly entered the Kaaba and destroyed the 360 idols in its precincts shouting: "False-hood is destroyed; truth prevails ". All the idols in Kaaba were smashed and removed, and the worshipping of other than Allah that was being done there was stopped. The uls comprised the tribes of Yemen and Hadramaut, 'Akk, Ujayb and yd. Usually, the entire process is completed in two hours.[103]. The latest repair of Kaaba took place in 1999. He said, "Forty years." [74] This type of offering was common and involved domestic animals such as camels, sheep and cattle, while game animals and poultry were rarely or never mentioned. . It took its present name from what it had been, since the memory of the place was preserved with the generations of their race. According to one hypothesis, which goes back to Julius Wellhausen, Allah (the supreme deity of the tribal federation around Quraysh) was a designation that consecrated the superiority of Hubal (the supreme deity of Quraysh) over the other gods. "[10] Many of the deities have epithets, but are lacking myths or narratives to decode the epithets, making them generally uninformative. [33], In Samaritan literature, the Samaritan Book of the Secrets of Moses (Asatir) states that Ismail and his eldest son Nebaioth built the Kaaba as well as the city of Mecca. Caretakers anoint the marble cladding with the same scented oil used to anoint the Black Stone outside. Direct link to Hanouf's post Hello, Jonathan Bloom and Sheila Blair, Mecca in, Posted 9 years ago. [112] Ibn Ishaq and Ibn Al-Kalbi both report that the human-shaped idol of Hubal made of precious stone (agate, according to the Book of Idols) came into the possession of the Quraysh with its right hand broken off and that the Quraysh made a hand of gold to replace it. Apart from praying, Muslims generally consider facing the Qibla while reciting the Quran to be a part of good etiquette. This combat-free zone allowed Mecca to thrive not only as a place of pilgrimage, but also as a trading center. [9] The relationship between a god and a stone as his representation can be seen from the third-century Syriac work called the Homily of Pseudo-Meliton where he describes the pagan faiths of Syriac-speakers in northern Mesopotamia, who were mostly Arabs. [113] A soothsayer performed divination in the shrine by drawing ritual arrows,[109] and vows and sacrifices were made to assure success. [72] He performed the Hajj in 632 CE called the Hujjat ul-Wada' ("Farewell Pilgrimage") since Muhammad prophesied his impending death on this event. The peninsula had been a destination for Jewish migration since Roman times, which had resulted in a diaspora community supplemented by local converts. [18] Various sculptures and paintings were held inside the Kaaba. The king must change the outer silk cover of Kaaba and clean the interior rooms. Direct link to a's post You can find pictures of , Posted 4 years ago. [135] There is also evidence that the Qedar worshipped al-Lat to whom the inscription on a silver bowl from a king of Qedar is dedicated. The influence of the adjacent Roman and Aksumite civilizations resulted in Christian communities in the northwest, northeast, and south of Arabia. This is exactly how Lord Siva is depicted in Puranas and Ramayana (Bala Kanda). [80] The main god in Ma'in and Himyar was 'Athtar, in Qataban it was Amm, and in Hadhramaut it was Sayin. [72], Before conversion to Christianity, the Aksumites followed a polytheistic religion that was similar to that of Southern Arabia. The site housed about 360 idols and attracted worshippers from all over Arabia. The Prophet started striking them with a stick he had in his hand and was saying, "Truth has come and Falsehood has vanished" (Qur'an 17:81)". [30] There is disagreement on whether Allah played a major role in the Meccan religious cult. Categories . Religion in pre-Islamic Arabia included indigenous Arabian polytheism, ancient Semitic religions, Christianity, Judaism, Mandaeism, and Zoroastrianism. The Kabah is the qibla or the focus for Muslims to pray to, the original Qibla was Jerusalem, but Mohammed changed it when he moved to Mecca. [83] His name was invoked in royal regulations regarding water supply. [23], Some scholars postulate that in pre-Islamic Arabia, including in Mecca,[24] Allah was considered to be a deity,[24] possibly a creator deity or a supreme deity in a polytheistic pantheon. At Mina, animals were sacrificed. The main sources of religious information in pre-Islamic South Arabia are inscriptions, which number in the thousands, as well as the Quran, complemented by archaeological evidence. The Kaaba is a cube-shaped structure in Mecca that is revered by Muslims and pre-Islamic polytheistic tribes alike as a place of worship. The deities attested in north Arabian inscriptions include Ruda, Nuha, Allah, Dathan, and Kahl. [59] A more specialized staff is thought to have existed in major sanctuaries. Peters argued to be the most substantial treatment of the religious practices of pre-Islamic Arabia,[7] as well as the writings of the Yemeni historian al-Hasan al-Hamdani on South Arabian religious beliefs. [192][193] It included Bahrain, Tarout Island, Al-Khatt, Al-Hasa, and Qatar. [181] Arabian Jews spoke Arabic as well as Hebrew and Aramaic and had contact with Jewish religious centers in Babylonia and Palestine. By Cachet Estate Homes luxus catering frankfurt; vogelflug arbeitsblatt; ehrenwort faschtbnkler noten klavier; Some Arabs in northeast of the peninsula converted to Zoroastrianism and several Zoroastrian temples were constructed in Najd. [4], In early Islam, Muslims faced in the general direction of Jerusalem as the qibla in their prayers before changing the direction to face the Kaaba, believed by Muslims to be a result of a Quranic verse revelation to Muhammad.[5]. Mohammed al-Harabi. ", In her book Islam: A Short History, Karen Armstrong asserts that the Kaaba was officially dedicated to Hubal, a Nabatean deity, and contained 360 idols which probably represented the days of the year. [146] They also worshipped Shay al-Qawm,[147] al-Kutba',[140] and various Greco-Roman deities such as Nike and Tyche. [73], The most common offerings were animals, crops, food, liquids, inscribed metal plaques or stone tablets, aromatics, edifices and manufactured objects. how many idols were in the kaaba before islam . Prior to Islam, the Kaaba was a holy site for the various Bedouin tribes throughout the Arabian Peninsula. [58] These officials were thought to tend the area, receive offerings, and perform divination. [137], The Midianites, a people referred to in the Book of Genesis and located in north-western Arabia, may have worshipped Yahweh. How many idols were in the Kaaba before Islam? Mecca was taken peacefully on December 11, 629. Gonzague Ryckmans described this as a practice peculiar to Manaf, but according to the Encyclopedia of Islam, a report from Ibn Al-Kalbi indicates that it was common to all idols. The civilizations of South Arabia are considered to have the most developed pantheon in the Arabian peninsula. [167][168][169] Similar reservations regarding the appearance of Manichaeism and Mazdakism in pre-Islamic Mecca are offered by Trompf & Mikkelsen et al. [181] In the Islamic tradition, based on a phrase in the Quran, Arab Jews are said to have referred to Uzair as the son of Allah, although the historical accuracy of this assertion has been disputed. This is an early record from the Rashidun caliphate, of a Christian origin that explicitly mentions the Kaaba, and confirms the idea that not just the Arabs but certain Christians as well, associated the site with Ibrahim in the seventh century. Direct link to Benny C's post Gabriel is important to I, Posted 9 years ago. After regaining control of Mecca, Abd al-Malik restored the part of the building that Muhammad is thought to have designed. [140] The worship of the Hermonian gods Leucothea and Theandrios was spread from Phoenicia to Arabia. . We gave the site, to Ibrahim, of the (Sacred) House, (saying): "Associate not anything (in worship) with Me; and sanctify My House for those who compass it round, or stand up, or bow, or prostrate themselves (therein in prayer). Behold! Sacrifice rites were not tied to a particular location though they were usually practiced in sacred places. Setting aside any tribal feuds, they would worship their gods in the Kaaba and trade with each other in the city. Along the top corners of the walls runs a black cloth embroidered with gold Qur'anic verses. He pointed towards each and recited, "The truth has come and falsehood has vanished. [86] Dhul-Khalasa was an oracular god and was also worshipped by the Bajila and Khatham tribes. Other religions were represented to varying, lesser degrees. how many idols were in the kaaba before islam. Note: The major (long) axis of the Kaaba has been observed to align with the rising of the star Canopus toward which its southern wall is directed, while its minor axis (its eastwest facades) roughly align with the sunrise of summer solstice and the sunset of winter solstice.[89][90]. [102], The Governor of the Makkah Province and accompanying dignitaries clean the interior of the Kaaba using cloths dipped in Zamzam water scented with Oud perfume. [92] The last trace of polytheism in South Arabia, an inscription commemorating a construction project with a polytheistic invocation, and another, mentioning the temple of Talab, all date from just after 380 (the former dating to the rule of the king Dharaamar Ayman, and the latter dating to the year 401402). They believe he is the angel who spoke the Quran to Mohammed and continued to talk to Mohammed throughout his life. Some of the members from the tribe of Banu Tamim had converted to the religion. [130] Following the conquest, shrines and temples dedicated to deities were destroyed, such as the shrines to al-Lat, al-Uzza and Manat in Taif, Nakhla and al-Qudayd respectively. when talking about t, Posted 4 years ago. After Bhageeratha convinced Akasa Ganga to descend onto earth, he had to convince Lord Siva to control its force. 'going about') is one of the Islamic rituals of pilgrimage and is compulsory during both the Hajj and Umrah. However, in the Hejaz in the west, whilst there is evidence of the presence of Christianity, it is not thought to have been significant amongst the indigenous population of the area. The idol was made of red agate and shaped like a human, but with the right hand broken off and replaced with a golden hand. [17] Unlike jinn, ginnaye could not hurt nor possess humans and were much more similar to the Roman genius. The name of Nrw who is mentioned in Aksum inscriptions is related to that of the South Arabian god Nawraw, a deity of stars. Muhammad tried to convince the people of Mecca to convert to Islam, but they were not happy with his teachings. "Submission [to God]") is an Abrahamic monotheistic religion centered around the Quran and the teachings of Muhammad. [81] One of the most frequent titles of the god Almaqah was "Lord of Awwam". [92][93] and Bayt Allah al-Haram (Arabic: , romanized:Bayt Allah il-Haram, lit. We have nothing in the sacred texts of Islam that describes how Muhammad preserved the religious idols of the Meccans so that they could freely continue to worship their idols at some other location. [123] In line with the broader trends of the ancient world, Arabia yearned for a more spiritual form of religion and began believing in afterlife, while the choice of religion increasingly became a personal rather than communal choice. One is that the shrine was a place of worship for mala'ikah angels before the creation of man. Direct link to Govaars, Elly's post I am wondering if the rel, Posted 5 years ago. When Muhammad conquered Mecca in 631 AD, he allegedly entered the Kaaba and destroyed the 360 idols in its precincts shouting: "False-hood is destroyed; truth prevails ". Ya'qubi claimed all Yemenites to be Jews; Ibn Hazm however states only Himyarites and some Kindites were Jews. [18] According to common Arabian belief, soothsayers, pre-Islamic philosophers, and poets were inspired by the jinn. [67] Accordingly, they shaped their entire lives in accordance with their interpretations of astral configurations and phenomena. [11] In South Arabia, the most common god was 'Athtar, who was considered remote. [33] Some scholars have suggested that Allah may have represented a remote creator god who was gradually eclipsed by more particularized local deities. He secured a peace treaty with them, the Treaty of Hudaybiyyah, which allowed the Muslims to freely perform pilgrimage at the Kaaba from the following year. [123] The practice of polytheistic cults was increasingly limited to the steppe and the desert, and in Yathrib (later known as Medina), which included two tribes with polytheistic majorities, the absence of a public pagan temple in the town or its immediate neighborhood indicates that polytheism was confined to the private sphere. [49] Paola Corrente, writing in Redefining Dionysus, considers she might have been a god of vegetation or a celestial deity of atmospheric phenomena and a sky deity. Evidence from surviving inscriptions suggests that each of the southern kingdoms had its own pantheon of three to five deities, the major deity always being a god. [17] Arabs were said to utter the following couplet if they should encounter one: "Oh ass-footed one, just bray away, we won't leave the desert plain nor ever go astray. [138] An Egyptian temple of Hathor continued to be used during the Midianite occupation of the site, although images of Hathor were defaced suggesting Midianite opposition. This practice was adopted by Mohammad after some reform [98][99][100]. Idols were housed in the Kaaba, an ancient sanctuary in the city of Mecca. [116], Other deities of the Quraysh in Mecca included Manaf, Isaf and Naila. [156] Ma'n, an Arab god, was worshipped alongside Abgal in a temple dedicated in 195 AD at Khirbet Semrin in the Palmyrene region while an inscription dated 194 AD at Ras esh-Shaar calls him the "good and bountiful god". Entrance to the inside of the Kaaba is gained through a door set 2.13 meters above the ground on the north-eastern wall of the Kaaba. The wall directly adjacent to the entrance of the Kaaba has six tablets inlaid with inscriptions, and there are several more tablets along the other walls. The most important of these were the beliefs of the Arabs. jabal. [citation needed], During Muhammad's lifetime (570632 CE), the Kaaba was considered a holy site by the local Arabs. Direct link to Mary Villela's post Hello, people in Medina and marched on Mecca. When Muhammad conquered Mecca in 631 AD, he allegedly entered the Kaaba and destroyed the 360 idols in its precincts shouting: False-hood is destroyed; truth prevails . To log in and use all the features of Khan Academy, please enable JavaScript in your browser. [80] For example, the pantheon of Saba comprised Almaqah, the major deity, together with 'Athtar, Haubas, Dhat-Himyam, and Dhat-Badan. The Quraysh tribe, who ruled Mecca, rebuilt the pre-Islamic Kaaba in c. 608 C.E. Images of all 360 idols were preserved in national museums of Turkey and Germany in WWII. The Nabataeans worshipped primarily northern Arabian deities. [129], The conquest of Mecca around 629630 AD led to the destruction of the idols around the Kaaba, including Hubal. [177] Syriac functioned as a liturgical language. Divine images of the gods and goddesses worshipped by Qedarite Arabs, as noted in Assyrian inscriptions, included representations of Atarsamain, Nuha, Ruda, Dai, Abirillu and Atarquruma. Healey. 5 / 10. 2) Pozzuoli, Electa Napoli 2008, pp. [23] Other Arab deities include Dhu-Samawi, a god originally worshipped by the Amir tribe, and Kahilan, perhaps related to Kahl of Qaryat al-Faw. The Kaaba marked the location where the sacred world intersected with the profane; the embedded Black Stone was a further symbol of this as a meteorite that had fallen from the sky and linked heaven and earth. [45] Al-Uzz (Arabic: ) was a fertility goddess[46] or possibly a goddess of love. [6], Muslim sources regarding Arabian polytheism include the eighth-century Book of Idols by Hisham ibn al-Kalbi, which F.E. For a general overview of civilization in Arabia before Islam, see, Religious beliefs of Arabs outside Arabia, Robin, Christian Julien, "South Arabia, Religions in Pre-Islamic", in, harvnb error: no target: CITEREFMcAuliffe2005 (, sfn error: no target: CITEREFLebling2010 (, Bwering, Gerhard, "God and his Attributes", in, Robin, Christian Julien, "Arabia and Ethiopia", in, Corrente, Paola, "Dushara and Allt alias Dionysos and Aphrodite in Herodotus 3.8", in, Robin, Christian Julien, "Before Himyar: Epigraphic evidence", in, sfn error: no target: CITEREFKorotaev1996 (, sfn error: no target: CITEREFPeters2017 (, Donner, Fred M., "The historical context", in, harvnb error: no target: CITEREFMcAuliffe2006 (, sfn error: no target: CITEREFTabari1990 (, AA.VV. [9] Based on this, it may be probable that Arabs originally venerated stones, later adopting idol-worship under foreign influences. [16] They were known as the sun (shms) of their ancestors. Both Safa and Marwa were adjacent to two sacrificial hills, one called Mu'im al ayr and another Mujwir al-Ri which was a pathway to Abu Kubais from where the Black Stone is reported to have originated. Pilgrims go around the Kaaba (the most sacred site in Islam) seven times in a counterclockwise direction; the first three at a hurried pace on the outer part of the Mataaf and the latter four times closer to the Kaaba at a leisurely pace. The site housed about 360 idols and attracted worshippers from all over Arabia. restart management server palo alto; I am very sorry, , Posted 8 years ago. how many idols were in the kaaba before islam. ; Kaba. [76], The Kaaba is depicted on the reverse of 500 Saudi riyal, and the 2000 Iranian rial banknotes.[77]. This mosque, which is what exists today, is composed of a large open space with colonnades on four sides and with seven minarets, the largest number of any mosque in the world. [58] In South Arabia, rs2w and 'fkl were used to refer to priests, and other words include qyn ("administrator") and mrtd ("consecrated to a particular divinity"). [50], The worship of sacred stones constituted one of the most important practices of the Semitic peoples, including Arabs. in their latest work (2018). [100], Various other deities were venerated in the area by specific tribes, such as the god Suwa' by the Banu Hudhayl tribe and the god Nuhm by the Muzaynah tribe. Women touched his idol as a token of blessing, and kept away from it during menstruation. [92], The Kinda tribe's chief god was Kahl, whom their capital Qaryat Dhat Kahl (modern Qaryat al-Faw) was named for. [66], The ancient Arabs that inhabitated the Arabian Peninsula before the advent of Islam used to profess a widespread belief in fatalism (adar) alongside a fearful consideration for the sky and the stars, which they held to be ultimately responsible for every phenomena that occurs on Earth and for the destiny of humankind. Each numbered item in the following list corresponds to features noted in the diagram image. [179] According to Serjeant, the Baharna people may be the Arabized descendants of converts from the original population of ancient Persians (majus) as well as other religions. The Holy KaabaBy: Shuaib BalogunAnthropology 100 H The 'Kaaba', which in Arabic means "The Cube" is a cubic building at the centre of Islam's most sacred mosque called Al-Masjid al-Haram, in Mecca, Saudi Arabia (Armstrong, K. 2007). Today, the Kaaba is a cubical structure, unlike almost any other religious structure. Al-Uzza may have been an epithet of Allt in the Nabataean religion according to John F. We are planning on adding a section on Jewish art soon. Ibn Ishaq's Sirat Rasl Allh, one of the biographies of Muhammad (as reconstructed and translated by Guillaume), describes Muhammad settling a quarrel between the Meccan clans as to which clan should set the Black Stone in its place. [91], The Himyarite kings radically opposed polytheism in favor of Judaism, beginning officially in 380. [166] One had to protect oneself from them, but they were not the objects of a true cult. [23] Uzzayan's cult in particular was widespread in South Arabia, and in Qataban she was invoked as a guardian of the final royal palace. A similar view is printed on the obverse side of 500-riyal (approximately 133 USD) notes in Saudi Arabia. [2][28][29][32] Egerton Sykes meanwhile states that Al-lt was the female counterpart of Allah while Uzza was a name given by Banu Ghatafan to the planet Venus.

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