blue cheese crumbles pregnant

But you have to be careful. Its important to make sure the cheese is thoroughly cooked until its steaming hot all the way through. However, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention stipulates that you can eat soft cheeses if their labels indicate that they are pasteurized. Making a tortilla wrap stuffed with juicy chicken breast, salads, and melted blue cheese is simply delicious. Im just going to keep a journal at this point and look for everything . Blue cheese is a type of aged cheese prepared from the milk of cows, goats, or sheep. One of the buffalo chicken salads had blue cheese dressing on it. Instructions. Blueberry, Blue Cheese and Glazed Walnut Salad. In terms of texture, prefer hard blue cheese, as it has a lower probability to foster the listeria bacteria. Find advice, support and good company (and some stuff just for fun). Gluten Free (Wegmans Brand) Wegmans Mild Gorgonzola Crumbles. Many pregnant women do not have any symptoms. Imagine a number of pregnant women with a wide variety of cravings cheese could be one of the ingredients in their favourite dish. (Ive had blue cheese like 10 times) its incredibly unlikely to cause trouble. Litehouse Chunky Blue Cheese Refrigerated Salad Dressing & Dip, 13 Fluid oz Bottle Mash: In a small bowl add the blue cheese crumbles and buttermilk. Additionally, not all mold-ripened cheeses are a health hazard. Blend well with an immersion blender or upright blender. X. It is not just soft cheeses that may potentially contain listeria. How to Warm Breast Milk to Keep Its Nutrients Intact, 170 Baby Boy & Girl Name That Mean 'Gift from God', 600+ Unique & Cute Nicknames for Boys & Girls, Protecting Adolescents From Common Food and Waterborne Diseases, Why an Ideal pH 5.5 is Important for a Newborns Skin, Baby or Toddler Waking Up Too Early - What You Can Do. Not pleasant, but seeing as youre pregnant, you could then go to A&E and they would take care of you. Besides body changes, pregnancy is also marked as a period with great uncertainties, especially for first-time moms. Blue Cheese Crumbles: Blue Cheese (Pasteurized Milk, Salt, Cheese Cultures, Enzymes, Penicillium Roqueforti), Powdered Cellulose Added to Prevent Caking, Natamycin (A Natural Mold Inhibitor). Listeria can infect the placenta, the amniotic fluid, and the baby, and can cause miscarriage or stillbirth. Calcium. As its often made with unpasteurized milk, blue cheese increases your risk of Listeria poisoning, which is extremely dangerous for unborn babies. Can you have Caesar dressing when pregnant? Can I eat gorgonzola on pizza when pregnant? Drain and set aside. When youre pregnant, its safe to eat these cheeses as long as they are cooked. Once opened, use within 5 days. Cravings are a problem when you become pregnant. Another way to consume blue cheese while pregnant and being precautions at the same time is to check for the blue cheese texture and pasteurization, by following these simple hacks you can feel secure and enjoy your blue cheese with no fear. They are not harmful if they are made from hard cheeses rather than soft cheeses. Using data from the Foodborne Disease Outbreak Surveillance System, CDC scientists reviewed 58 listeriosis outbreaks, 30 percent of which were related to soft cheeses. The most remarkable part of pregnancy is actually the development of the baby and everything that plays a factor in its growth for 40 weeks. Safe soft cheeses following pasteurization include: Hard cheeses are different from soft cheeses in their structure, and therefore are less vulnerable to bacterial infection, even if they have been mold ripened. The aging process reduces the moisture content in the Blue Cheese and creates a denser curd. The good news is that trying a small piece of spoiled blue cheese is unlikely to make you sick. This primarily foodborne infection is particularly dangerous for expectant moms, who are about 20 times more likely to develop listeriosis after eating a contaminated food than other healthy adults are. Can I eat gorgonzola on pizza when pregnant? If youre pregnant and have eaten blue cheese, dont panic. Consuming Ricotta Cheese during Pregnancy Please whitelist our site to get all the best deals and offers from our partners. With the right mixes, its definitely a sought-after food. Gorgonzola thats thoroughly cooked through is safe to eat. Can I Eat Bacon While Pregnant? Listeria is a type of bacteria that can cross the placenta, so it can damage the baby in the womb and result in serious infections of the blood and brain and lifelong health problems such as intellectual disability, paralysis, seizures, blindness and problems of the brain, heart, kidneys. Dont smoke and stay away from secondhand smoke. Instructions. Its a type of bacteria that can cause flu-like symptoms and has the possibility of crossing the placenta barrier and affecting the baby. To maximize the shelf life of blue cheese crumbles, do not open the package until ready to use. Shelf Life of Blue Cheese Early onset listeriosis develops 1-2 days after birth, and the baby often has signs of a serious bacterial infection. So a one-off munching on a bit of mold will in worse case give you upset stomach etc. If youre craving seafood, you can go with a grilled fish steak and top it with shreddedpasteurized blue cheese. Dont worry. Soft blue cheeses are only safe to eat in pregnancy if they've been cooked. 1 cup Mayonnaise; cup Buttermilk; 2 teaspoon Fresh Squeezed Lemon Juice; teaspoon Black Pepper; cup Blue Cheese Crumbles; 2 Tablespoon Fresh Parsley; Steps. Filtered Water, Organic Coconut Oil, Modified Potato Starch, Sea Salt, Potato Starch, Natural Flavors, Less than 2% of . 2005-2023 Healthline Media a Red Ventures Company. Its a guilt-free indulgence! Dont eat mould-ripened soft cheese, such as brie, camembert and chevre (a type of goats cheese) and others with a similar rind. Is Eating Blue Cheese During Pregnancy Safe? Does Blue Cheese go Bad? What can I do to prevent miscarriage in first trimester? For this reason, it is especially important, particularly around pregnant women, that hands are washed thoroughly prior to food preparation and afterward. If that was not enough, it is common for pregnant women to have special food cravings during this period. Nothing beats a nice, chunky, juicy steak topped with gooey melted blue cheese. Generally, the following steps are involved in the production of blue cheese: Step 1: Pasteurize raw milk. Abnormal child development post-birth is another possibility and side effect of Listeriosis which is something you dont want for your child. Newborn babies infected with Listeria can develop either early onset or late onset listeriosis. It usually starts at about 6 weeks of pregnancy and is at its worst at about 9 weeks. But you have to be careful. Which kinds of cheese can you say yes to, and which should take a pregnant pass, for safetys sake? Most blue cheeses are made using unpasteurized goats milk. Let it rest for about 5 minutes and blend again until very creamy. Mozzarella is perfectly safe but be cautious about pizzas topped with soft, mould-ripened cheeses such as brie and camembert, and soft blue-veined cheeses, such as Danish blue. Can you have Caesar dressing when pregnant? Feta cheese thats been made from pasteurized milk is likely safe to eat because the pasteurization process will kill any harmful bacteria. The American Pregnancy Association lists the following as foods that may contain listeria, and therefore should be avoided during pregnancy: Listeriosis is a condition caused by the consumption of foods that are contaminated with listeria, and it is exceptionally dangerous to pregnant women and their unborn children. The bottom line is, if you are pregnant always stick with pasteurized dairy products and if you are not sure about this, avoid eating them. Inhaling mold spores can cause sneezing, a runny nose, itchy eyes, wheezing, and coughing, much like the common cold, and can affect some babies more than others. Why Are Only Some Types of Moldy Cheese Safe to Eat? These are safe if they're made from a hard cheese rather than a soft cheese. Play it safe. It also melts well so it can easily be used in recipes calling for a creamy sauce. When they return, they find out it has turned spotted. Stilton is a hard blue cheese but since it is more acidic and very low moisture bacteria, it renders the bacteria harmless. While listeriosis is fairly rare, pregnant women are up to 20 times likelier to get it than the general population (6). Caesar salad, if freshly made, is safe for pregnant women to eat. CDC estimates that listeriosis is the third leading cause of death from foodborne illness with about 260 deaths per year. Ruchelle has a vast experience working with clients in hospitality, health and wellness, entertainment, real estate, and retail. These may be a sign that Listeria has entered into the mothers nervous system, where it can cause bacterial meningitis, or inflammation around the brain and spinal cord (4, 5). Drinking Milk While Pregnant Listeria monocytogenes are killed with heat treatment. The blue cheese problem lies in the fact that many types of commercial blue cheese are made from unpasteurized milk, which might contain a dangerous type of bacteria called. Noted for its distinctive spots, the cheese has a salty, sharp and pungent note to it. The CDC has linked some listeria infection outbreaks to Mexican-style soft cheeses made from pasteurized milk but under less-than-reliably sanitary conditions, with contamination most likely taking place during the cheese-making. Jumping to the question about if it is safe or not to eat blue cheese during pregnancy, the answer is. Listeriosis symptoms are often mild for pregnant women, and many may not even realize they have it. When you add blue cheese dressing to it, they get an extra layer of creaminess. Or aged blue? Did we mention we love pizza? Note that once you confirm, this action cannot be undone. For instance, have you asked yourself, can I eat blue cheese while pregnant? Keep on reading to discover the answer to this intriguing question and to understand if it is safe or not to eat blue cheese during pregnancy. How worried should I be about Listeria in pregnancy? But I also wouldnt stress about it. Call your healthcare provider if you start to feel sick or think you may have listeriosis symptoms. However, the infection can have grave consequences for your developing baby, especially if youre not treated promptly. Aged over 60 days. Directions at cookingupmemories.com Never lose a . loading. It is important to note, however, that though it is much less likely it is not impossible, so if you experience any discomfort following the consumption of hard cheese contact a medical professional for advice. Its blue or greenish spots are created with spores of Penicillium - a type of fungi - which gives the cheese a distinctive smell and flavour. What to Do If a Pregnant Woman Accidentally Consumes the Blue Cheese, Consuming Ricotta Cheese during Pregnancy. Symptoms of listeriosis include fever, nausea, diarrhoea, and muscle ache. Blue Cheese crumbles (also sometimes called Bleu Cheese) are safe if made from pasteurized milk. If you have eaten unpasteurized blue cheese while pregnant, the best course of action is to monitor your symptoms and call your healthcare provider if youre concerned. To be on the safe side, pregnant women may wish to avoid blue cheese dressing. If you have morning sickness, tell your health care provider. Guys, idk if this is silly but I ate blue cheese dip. is that okay? Please specify a reason for deleting this reply from the community. During the first trimester of pregnancy, listeriosis may cause miscarriage. It ordinarily comes from the consumption of listeria-contaminated foods, but it can also be caused by the consumption of food handled by an individual with a listeria infection. These are safe if theyre made from a hard cheese rather than a soft cheese. Same for Brie and other soft cheeses. Or queso? Pizzas are safe to eat in pregnancy, as long they are cooked thoroughly and are piping hot. This article is based on scientific evidence, written by experts and fact checked by experts. This educational content is not medical or diagnostic advice. Gorgonzola thats thoroughly cooked through is safe to eat. Pasteurization is a form of food processing that's actually good for you and your baby, safely destroying bacteria in dairy products (and juice) without destroying nutrients. Do not panic! Still, a few blue cheeses are made with pasteurized milk, and these are safe to consume. We sure do. How can I avoid Listeria during pregnancy? If you want to avoid all risks completely, there are meat-free bacon alternatives available, like soy or mushroom bacon. x xxmommy2be May 18, 2019 at 4:28 AM Pretty sure it's fine. Of course you are (and so am I so get ready to post photos on my IG and Facebook @HeidiMurkoff). I LOVE blue cheese and my doctor told me as long as its pasteurized that it's fine to eat while pregnant. The numbers in the parentheses (1, 2, 3) are clickable links to peer-reviewed scientific papers. But if they are raw, there is a cause of worry due to contamination of listeria and another toxoplasma, if you intended on ordering a Hawaiian pizza also known as the Ham and pineapple pizza, it is safe to eat so fast as they have been heated properly. Soft cheeses and precooked meats such as hot dogs and deli meats often harbor the germ. Can you eat melted gorgonzola when pregnant? Keep Refrigerated. Other safe hard cheeses, as advised by PregnancyBirth&Baby, include cheddar and Parmesan. Canola Oil, Buttermilk, Blue Cheese (Pasteurized Milk, Sea Salt, Cheese Cultures, Enzymes, Penicillium Roqueforti), White Wine Vinegar, Water, Egg Yolk, Contains Less Than 2% of Salt, Sugar, Xanthan Gum, Blue Cheese Concentrate (Blue Cheese [Pasteurized Milk, Cultures, Salt, Enzymes], Water and Salt), Black Pepper, . Thats the takeaway from this article. The National Health Service of the United Kingdom explains that soft cheeses can be dangerous to pregnant people, because these cheeses may contain a type of bacteria known as listeria. 28% lower sodium. Which leads us to the question can I eat blue cheese while pregnant?. The cultures of the mold penicillium are used to refine the cheese and produce its distinctive dotted appearance. But just to play it safe, monitor your health and look for signs of flu and fever. The risks of eating blue cheese during pregnancy have nothing to do with the fact that this dairy product is manufactured using mold, as these specific molds are safe to consume. Blue cheese contributes essential vitamins and minerals to your breast-feeding diet, but you shouldn't consume too much because it also contains large amounts of saturated fat and sodium. 2 - Mash some of the blue cheese crumbles with the back of a spoon and stir vigorously with the rest of ingredients. And who doesnt love blue cheese? Its an exception and considered very safe. 5 oz ($0.80/oz) Cheese Shop. What to Expect With Pregnancy, Week by Week. Pasteurizing kills the bacteria and makes it extremely safe for your baby. Where does that leave your next Greek salad, spoonful of blue cheese crumbles, plate of fresh mozzarella? Symptoms of Listeriosis infection dont show up usually before 30 days. And if you have eaten blue cheese dressing while pregnant, again do not panic! I ate it and afterwards someone said they thought I couldnt eat blue cheese. Though less common, some blue cheeses are made with pasteurized milk. Enjoy! Try a Greek salad of crumbled feta over mixed leaves, cucumber, tomatoes and olives. And its considered safe whether youre chowing down on that cheese in your first trimester, your second or your third. Shaping: Once you've combined the butter mixture put it all on a piece of parchment paper or plastic wrap. Avoid unpasteurized dairy products and unpasteurized juices. Listeriosis can also lead to premature labor, the delivery of a low-birth-weight infant, or infant death. Our website services, content, and products are for informational purposes only. However, it is still important to check if the cheese is made from pasteurized milk. But you have to be careful. In this recipe, you'll experience the greatness that is the combination of juicy blueberries, crunchy glazed walnuts, sweet pears, and creamy blue cheese crumbles. However, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention stipulates that you can eat soft cheeses if their labels indicate that they are pasteurized. Blue cheese dips can be enjoyed as a salad dressing, with tacos and even burritos. For example, the type sold in tubs and used as a salad topping. The recommendation is to observe for listeriosis symptoms, which include fever (above 38C or 100F), nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, and muscle ache, and proceed to an emergency room if you have any of these. Is pasteurized gorgonzola safe during pregnancy? Soft cheeses are mold ripened, so they naturally contain bacteria. Find What Is the Safest Way to Eat Ceviche? I was worried about the blue cheese on my chick fil a salad but I researched and its made with pasteurized milk. Aged over 60 days. reviewed by our medical review board and team of experts. Infected babies who survive are likely to be born prematurely. Listeria, a type of food poisoning, can lead to vomiting and diarrhea. 5 oz ($0.80/oz) If youre tired of your regular salad dressings, you can use pasteurized blue cheese sauce instead. Some blue cheeses are soft and salty while other varieties may be hard and pungent. Salt water and cook pasta according to package directions until al dente. NUTRITION FACTS. Can I Eat Gorgonzola Cheese During Pregnancy? Adjust seasonings as desired. 23. However, some people may not experience symptoms for up to 30 days. Listeriosis can make people feel sick, but rarely causes severe health problems. The takeaway. Currently 30 weeks and baby is doing well. Flip over and brown another 3-4 minutes. My friends ordered a bunch of food from a pizza place. This means the body has to work harder to resist the infection of listeria, and sometimes is unable to do so. Soft blue cheeses are only safe to eat in pregnancy if they've been cooked. You can eat cheesecake safely during pregnancy. Does the (soft) cheese stand alone when it comes to listeria? The Answer Will Surprise You! It was probably made with pasteurized milk! Deliciously. The blue cheese problem lies in the fact that many types of commercial blue cheese are made from unpasteurized milk, which might contain a dangerous type of bacteria calledListeria monocytogenesthat can produce the listeriosis disease. Blue cheese is not an exception, it can be eaten as a snack or can be used as an ingredient in a recipe, as it provides a distinct sharp and salty flavour. Jumping to the question about if it is safe or not to eat blue cheese during pregnancy, the answer isyou should avoid it. Noted for its distinctive spots, the cheese has a salty, sharp and pungent note to it. Help Me, Heidi! Group Black's collective includes Essence, The Shade Room and Naturally Curly. Not the best thing to eat and I wouldnt continue eating it. I didnt realize it was harmful until after I read a list. This makes them safe to eat and the spotted appearance in blue cheese is simply a sign of fermentation take place. Most women feel better in their second trimester, but some have morning sickness throughout pregnancy. Abnormal development of the baby in the womb. Should Pregnant Women Hold Off Eating Feta Cheese? Whats scary for moms-to-be, however, is that having it during pregnancy increases the risk of miscarriage, stillbirth and preterm birth. This article takes a close look at mold in food and whether, You may wonder if cheese is bad for you. The reason why pregnant women should avoid eating blue cheese is that most blue cheeses are made using unpasteurized milk, which increases the risk of it being contaminated withListeria monocytogenes. The primary ingredient to make blue cheese is milk it can be made using milk from cows, goats, and sheep. In large skillet with high sides, melt butter over medium heat. To a large oven-safe pot or cast iron pan, add in your cooked pasta, the cheese sauce we just made, red onion, and meatless chicken. If youre pregnant, its best to avoid blue cheese products or only buy ones that use pasteurized milk. Most stories of how the blue cheese originated begin with someone forgetting they left their cheese in a cave. Properly stored, an unopened package of blue cheese crumbles will last for about 1 week after the "Sell By . cooking oil spray, cream cheese, celery sticks, crumbled blue cheese and 7 more Mini Buffalo Chicken PItas KitchenAid lettuce leaves, tomato, buffalo sauce, grilled chicken, red onion and 2 more About a sixth of reported cases occur in pregnant women. If you decide to buy it, select a product that has been pasteurized. Blue cheese is a soft, mold-ripened cheese that many people enjoy on salads and in sauces. Can 3 month old babies hold their head up? Unpasteurised cheeses may *may* cause listeria.. now the may cause is literally less than 1 in 30,000 cases-statistics that are mostly guesses, and out of that number the amount of women who are pregnant in that 1 in 30,000 is so small, and then the number of those pregnant women who are negatively impacted are even less.. And if you have flu like symptoms then tell the doc, but really.. you will have to be seriously unlucky.. xx. For the dressing. Mix: Use a fork to combine 1 cup of butter, cup of blue cheese crumbles, teaspoon salt, and teaspoon pepper in a small bowl. The first of their kind, our Crumbles are perfect on salads, burgers, and more. 1 - In a mixing bowl, combine all ingredients together. The blocks are mixed with the mold of Penicillium roqueforti and it takes between three to six months for the spores to ripen. Caesar salad, if freshly made, is safe for pregnant women to eat. Yes millions and millions of people have eaten blue cheese in pregnancy. 5. Can I Eat Blue Cheese While Pregnant? Stiff neck.Symptoms. A Group Owner is a member that has initiated the creation of a group to connect with other members to share their journey through the same pregnancy & baby stages. What happens if you get Listeria while pregnant? Young parents experience genuine excitement and happiness upon the birth of a child. When a pregnant mom eats soft cheese, she is at the risk of being contaminated by Listeria. The Answer Will Surprise You. This bacterium can cause listeriosis, a foodborne illness that presents much like the flu or stomach bug (2). But besides Stilton, avoid all soft and hard cheeses made from unpasteurized milk. But this was a one time thing. If youre pregnant and have accidentally consumed unpasteurized soft blue cheese, dont panic. Blue cheese crumbles are used on everything from salads to burgers. What cheeses can I have when I'm pregnant, and does that list vary by trimester?. The educational health content on What To Expect is reviewed by our medical review board and team of experts to be up-to-date and in line with the latest evidence-based medical information and accepted health guidelines, including the medically reviewed What to Expect books by Heidi Murkoff. This article explains whether goat cheese is safe to eat during. Fold the dressing into the chicken-grape mixture and combine well. In addition, pregnant women are around 20 times more likely to get contaminated with Listeria bacteria when compared to non-pregnant healthy adults. Examples of soft blue cheeses that are unsafe are: There is a risk of listeria while eating blue cheese salad dressing, so be sure to watch out for that. How common is listeria in pregnancy 2021? Symptoms of intestinal illness usually start within 24 hours after eating food contaminated with Listeria and usually last 13 days. nd contrary to what people tend to think the reason is, that blue cheese is made using a mould, this specific mould is safe for consumption the same cannot be said for pregnant women. Its blue or greenish spots are created with spores ofPenicillium a type of fungi which gives the cheese a distinctive smell and flavour. In addition to being severely detrimental to the mother, listeriosis can also be enormously dangerous to the unborn child. Blue cheese encompasses a variety of cheeses, Stilton, Roquefort, and Gorgonzola are among the most common types. 2 pack of Shop Rite Reduced Fat Blue Cheese Crumbled 4oz (Total 8oz) No reviews $3499 ($34.99/Count) FREE delivery Feb 22 - 27 Danish Blue Cheese - Approx. And contrary to what people tend to think the reason is, that blue cheese is made using a mould, this specific mould is safe for consumption the same cannot be said for pregnant women. Mash the crumbles with a fork. cookingupmemories.com Leah Riley. What to Expect supports Group Black and its mission to increase greater diversity in media voices and media ownership. Cheese you should say no to when youre pregnant? Yes, blue cheese can be eaten during pregnancy. You can enjoy bacon safely during pregnancy. Thats pretty much everything you have to be aware of blue cheese. Is It Safe to Eat Ricotta While Pregnant? Marketside Blue Cheese Crumbles, 5 oz: Nutty, peppery, and salty notes among the traditional blue cheese flavors. When it comes to safe soft blue cheeses to eat during pregnancy, this is what we recommend as long as they are pasteurized: The only exception of eating unpasteurized blue cheese is Stilton. Good source of protein and calcium. You can enjoy bacon safely during pregnancy. It's a distinctive, earthy flavor that can accent your . Just the right accent for burgers, salads, and sandwiches - like the Blazing Buffalo Hero (recipe on back)! Even if it wasnt, its so unlikely that it would cause any harm. a type of fungi which gives the cheese a distinctive smell and flavour. Sometimes nothing may happen and you could luck out. Pasteurization is a process of heating liquids and foods to kill off harmful bacteria like listeria that can cause infections. 6. Contains Milk.Kraft Blue Cheese Crumbles. What temperature does the Baby Brezza heat water to? Heres The Conclusion, Its blue or greenish spots are created with spores of. Thus, pregnant women should avoid most blue cheese, as well as products that contain it. Named one of the best blue cheeses in America by the American Cheese Society and a medalist at the World Dairy Expo, our gluten-free Blue Cheese Crumbles add a touch of tangy, creamy deliciousness to any dish. . i ate bleu cheese crumbles in a salad the other day and had the same worry. Symptoms in pregnant women include mild flu-like symptoms, headaches, muscle aches, fever, nausea, and vomiting. Stretch the pizza dough into a 12 inch circle on a sheet of parchment paper dusted with cornmeal. Form back into the shape of a ball and place on baking sheet. The primary ingredient to make blue cheese is milk - it can be made using milk from cows, goats, and sheep. Combine chicken, grapes, celery, walnuts and blue cheese in a large mixing bowl. If you have any concerns regarding potential listeria infection, contact your healthcare professional. Blue cheeses are generally made using unpasteurized goat's milk. Find out more about which cheeses arent safe during pregnancy in our gallery of foods to avoid, below. Welcome to Wegmans Welcome to Wegmans. Blue cheese may carry Listeria The risks of eating blue cheese during pregnancy have nothing to do with the fact that this dairy product is manufactured using mold, as these specific. Combine buffalo, BBQ and honey. What If I Ate Blue Cheese While Pregnant? Crumbly Blue Cheeses are those that have less butterfat and have been aged for a longer period of time. The views expressed in community are solely the opinions of participants, and do not reflect those of What to Expect. If you feel a message or content violates these standards and would like to request its removal please submit the following information and our moderating team will respond shortly. Wtf I ate it every day before I got pregnant. The most fragile parts of being pregnant are the health and physical capability to carry a child for months. The appearance of crumbs must be anticipated and prepared for. At your first prenatal visit, your health care provider likely talked with you about all the foods you should avoid during pregnancy sushi, raw meat, deli meat and unpasteurized cheese to prevent exposure to listeria.

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