; Hogan, M.P. (2004). There is a deviation from linearity after 580kDa [69, 70]. The genus Weissella: taxonomy, ecology and biotechnological potential. He, L.; Niemeyer, B. 20K groups (n=3, *: p<0.05, **: p<0.01). Each microporated sample was incubated in the skin culture medium. The receptor phase was collected immediately (time 0) and 2, 4, 8, 12, and 24h. This receptor phase solution was transferred to a 96-well plate and the skin-permeated FITC-dextran was measured using a microplate reader (Molecular Devices, Co. Ltd., Sunnyvale, CA, USA) at 405nm. Proc. The increased TEWL values which were proportional to the number of microspores indicate SC disruption and formation of microchannels in the skin. Advances in Physical Chemistry, Vol. Dilute Solution. Webdextran hydrodynamic radius. For a sphere and a random coil 0 the values are 9.23x1023 mol-1 and 2.60x 1023mol-1, respectively. We believe that the microporation device can be used as a potential technique for effective transdermal drug delivery. The human skins were from the back or thigh of a 24-year-old woman. The study of biopolymers as dextran in aqueous solution, is effectively determined by intrinsic viscosity [] measurements at different temperatures. This study demonstrated that hydrodynamic volume and radius of gyration of a dextran sample with M w < 20 kDa and its linear counterpart with equal M w are almost Analytical Chemistry. In the case of a poor solvent, a temperature increase causes an increase in entropy and intrinsic viscosity and is favorable for the extended conformation. 8600 Rockville Pike Study of temperature influence. (2008). (2001). Markiertes Dextran wird hufig per Mikroinjektion in die Zellen eingebracht. where (poise) is the viscosity, the (g/cm3) fluid density, and t the liquid draining time (s) subscript zero is referred to solvent, and without subscript is referred to the solution [40], and inherent viscosity is i = r -1. Although we didnt conduct assay for inflammation, we could not find any inflammation symptoms such as redness, blisters, cracked, and thickening. The micropores were developed on pig skin and human cadaver skin with dermal and epidermal layers by the microporation device. ; Ross-Murphy, S.B. Monolayers and Thin Films of Dextran Hydrophobically Modified. Radiofrequency with microneedling. However, considering the trauma and unethical practices associated with animal experiments, in vitro studies with human cadaver skin offers an ethical and viable alternative. 2021 Aug;13(4):915-925. doi: 10.1007/s12602-021-09751-1. WebDiffusivity of 2000 kDa Dextran was significantly lower for both hydrogel formulations, but was insensitive to collagen concentration, likely due to a larger hydrodynamic diameter (d h ~ 70 nm) on order of the collagen mesh size. (1999). The radius of gyration is typically calculated from static scattering measurements, while the hydro-dynamic radius (or equivalent sphere radius) is deter-mined by dynamic light scattering or other diffusion measurements. Human skins (Full-thickness human skin) were supplied by HansBiomed. We will also conduct further studies on the regeneration of human cadaver skin and evaluate the possibilities of clinical trials. Privacy The exponent a is a function of polymer geometry, and varies from 0.5 to 2 and exponent is dimensionless. Hydrodynamic properties, such as the intrinsic viscosity, [], and equilibrium solution properties such as the hydrodynamic radius RH can be combined to construct dimensionless quantities that are universal since they are of being independent of the macromolecular particle size, while they depend more or less sensitively on its shape [51]. Carbohydrate Polymers, 38, 267-271. Microporation was performed 2, 5, and 10 times on each sample. 2008;28(5):64557. Pharm Res. Durand, A. The most widely applied coatings for FDA-approved SPIONs are dextran and carboxydextran. (2003). Hydrodynamic cavitation (HC), a common phenomenon that can produce local excessive temperature, high pressure and large amount of energy. where c is the solute concentration (g/cm3), [] is the intrinsic viscosity (cm3/g), and kH represents Huggins constants (cm3/g). Although, in literature there is much information on hydrodynamic measurements from determinations viscosity; very few of them evaluate the situation at different temperatures. Format), Citation-(EndNote Molecular weight, particle size and diffusion coefficient can be determined in many studies by Dynamic Light Scattering [20, 21, 22], Gel Permeation Chromatography [23], Analytical Ultracentrifuge [24, intrinsic viscosity [1, 7, 14], size exclusion chromatography / multiangle laser light scattering / differential viscometry, Flow Field-Flow Fractionation [25], and so on. (1991). After 24h the micropores were either closed or reduced further to smaller sizes, 37.5020.41, 50.5718.07, and 58.5814.99m, for 2, 5, and 10 times microporation, respectively. Red blood cell rouleaux formation in dextran solution: dependence on polymer conformation. An official website of the United States government. J. Phys. The slope is a value and intercept is equal to the ln kMH value [47]. ; Grishchenko, A.E. Qi P, Caoa M, Songa L, Chena C, Liua M, Li N, Wua D, Penga J, Hub G, Zhao J. (1999). The first term on the left-hand side of equation 2 (i/c) has a linear relation as a function of the concentration (c in g/cm3), where is the intrinsic viscosity [] is given by (c0) [42, 43]. Harding, Stephen E. (2005). European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics, 68, 319-329. J Appl Toxicol. The Transdermal diffusion cell system was protected from light. ; Bataille, B. Pavlov, G.M. a Immediately after microporation, b 4h, c 8h, and d 24h (n=5, *: p<0.05). Webdextran fraction and the final product depend on changes in the hydrodynamic volume of the molecules after substitution. It has been found that, when applied to water treatment, it can effectively act on refractory organic matter in wastewater through thermal decomposition and water molecular action to produce free The human and pig skin samples were placed in the receiver chamber of the Transdermal diffusion cell system with the SC facing up and the donor chamber was fixed in place. Stenekes, R.J.H. Dextran Fractions. Chem. Solvent effects on polysaccharide conformation. Thermo Fisher Scientific. An undergraduate physical chemistry experiment. The cumulative permeation of FITC-dextran 10 K was 4.82 0.32 M, in the human skin and 5.92 0.46 M in the pig skin. @ Nilimesh See attached. Chen Rong Huei; Wei Yu Chen; Shang Ta Wang; Chu Hsi Hsu; Min Lang Tsai (2009). The particular dextrans which were used initially for conversion into synthetic blood-volume expanders [6, 7], human red blood cells aggregation for increasing the degree of polymerization and hence the molecular weight [8, 9, 10], hydrogels and microspheres [11], in drug transport system and its modifications as nanoparticles [12], in the removal through absorption of contaminant effluents such as heavy metals, organic molecules and inks [13], in the formation of biodegradable films [14, 15]. (1998). Characterization of high molecular weight dextran produced by Weissella cibaria CMGDEX3. Lucifer yellow (LY) and FITC-labelled dextran stock solutions were prepared in Ringers-HEPES buffer (150 mM NaCl, 3.4 mM CaCl 2, 1.2 mM MgCl 2, 5.2 mM KCl, 0.5 mM NaHCO 3, 2.8 mM glucose, and 10 mM HEPES) and frozen at 20C. where tr is the column retention time in minutes (2 of 0.9792). Carbohydrate Polymers, 78, 902-907. Viet, D.; Beck-Candanedo, S.; Gray D. G. (2008). Macromolecules, 33, 5730-5739. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 27, 795-810. Table 5 shows the data of Mark-Houwink parameters determined in figure 4 from linear regressions with 2 values higher than 0.9797. Intrinsic viscosity-molecular weight relationship for chitosan. Microporations were performed 2, 5, and 10 times and the skin damage was confirmed using the TEWL measurement. Chemical penetration enhancers for transdermal drug delivery systems. The great deviation at 2000kDa occurs due to the large hyperbranched structure of the macromolecule, generating a change in its conformation and, therefore, a change in the way it flows [73]. Actually, everything depends on solvent you want to use and temperature. If you want to know gyration (Rg)or hydrodynamic (Rh) radius, you should pp13-21. Anal. 2013, Article ID 360239, pp. 151-166. In vivo iontophoretic delivery of salmon calcitonin across microporated skin. 2012;87(6):1728. These values indicate for dextrans in dilute aqueous solution, both methods give very similar results of the intrinsic viscosity and the respective Mw. Human cadaver skin has been confirmed as alive skin tissue through analysis of its morphology and enzymes, and its usefulness as an alternative skin membrane in drug permeation experiments has been verified [20]. Figure 2 shows the classical method for calculating Mark-Houwink parameters, where a linear relation between the intrinsic viscosity and the molecular weight is established for each temperature. The Solomon-Ciuta single-point method is used for calculating dextran intrinsic viscosity and the error relative is calculated, and %RE respect to Huggins method is >4.18% for 2000kDa, and >2.06% for 8.8kDa (Table 2). Barshtein, G.; Tamir, I.; Yedgar, S. (1998). To overcome these limitations, microporation devices that act as therapeutic vehicles for delivering drug molecules across the skin barriers have been developed. Viscosity, sedimentation, and light-scattering properties of fraction of an acidhydrolyzed dextran. ; Rani, K.Y. Molecular weight (M v) and hydrodynamic properties can be calculated from there. Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. SWC designed and coordinated the research. Immediately after 2, 5, and 10 times microporations, 97.1432.39, 80.5715.51, and 82.3916.49m sizes of micropores were formed on the skin, respectively. WebThe invention relates to novel fluorescent dyes with multiple negatively charged groups in their ionized form which are 9-aminoacridines or 1-aminopyrene shaving of one of the fol Eremeeva, T. E.; Bykova, T. O. The Mark-Houwink parameters indicate the dependence with temperature (T) in the range from 20 to 50C, ie with increasing T a increases and kM-H decreases. One day before the experiment, the skin was stabilized in the skin culture medium. Pure Appl. WebThe hydrodynamic radius ( Rh) determined by our Fluidity instruments is the Stokes radius, or the size of a hard spherical particle that diffuses at the same rate as the protein (s) detected. Unperturbed dimensions and the theta temperature of dextran in ethylene glycol solutions. Expert Rev Med Devices. The mechanism of the dextran-induced red blood cell Aggregation. Chem. In Vitro Evaluation of Postbiotics Produced from Bacterial Isolates Obtained from Rainbow Trout and Nile Tilapia against the Pathogens, Dextran-Mimetic Quantum Dots for Multimodal Macrophage Imaging, Isolation of lactic acid bacteria starters from, Characterization of Antibacterial Cell-Free Supernatant from Oral Care Probiotic. Epub 2022 Feb 2. Armstrong, J. K.; Wenby, R. B.; Meiselman, H. J.; Fisher, T. C. (2004). For a limited temperature range, the viscosity of a polymer solution varies generally following a relation similar to that of usual liquids (rrhenius plot), where the polymer concentration is not very high and that temperature remains far enough from glass transition [38], and for system PEAorganic solvents see reference [63]. Biophysical Journal, 27, 177-181. 2018 Jan;184(1):1-11. doi: 10.1007/s12010-017-2522-4. Skin barrier disruption by acetone: observations in a hairless mouse skin model. (1990). The values of Mark-Houwink parameters could be universalized with certain precautions, being an indication for the calculation of molecular weight in the temperature range of 20-40C. Epub 2012 Oct 18. The human and pig skin permeability of FITC-dextran (M.W. Transdermal delivery of FITC-Dextrans with different molecular weights using radiofrequency microporation. WebFITC Products. Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics, 38, 2591-2598. ; Patel, T.R. From Table 1, It is worth noting that the value of 2 is above 0.95, being an acceptable value for viscosimetric measurement. Viscosity of Liquids. (2007). Appl Biochem Biotechnol. Microporation was performed 2 times on each sample. Thus, it is accepted that, for every flexible-chain polymer in a (ideal) solvent, there is a universal value of 0 = 2.1-2.5x1023mol-1 [52]. Multiple Linear Least-Squares Fits with a Common Intercept: Determination of the Intrinsic Viscosity of Macromolecules in Solution.

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