Looking back, we were the luckiest people in the world; there was no choice but to be pioneers.. In this famous MIT lab, her team developed the navigation software for the Apollo Space Program. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. They had one son, Hamilton Wadsworth Meserve, whom she raised on her own. UConnToday, 23 April 2013. And if you have a news tip, correction or comment, let us know at: community@space.com. A former schoolteacher, she worked as a character actor in films for seven years before she was offered the role that defined her public image. I guess for a minute they get the feeling they got when they watched the picture. Out of these, the cookies that are categorized as necessary are stored on your browser as they are essential for the working of basic functionalities of the website. Margaret Hamilton is an American software engineer and computer scientist best known for leading the team responsible for creating the software for the Apollo moon missions and Skylab space station. [4] She studied mathematics at the University of Michigan in 1955 before transferring to Earlham College, where her mother was a student;[7][8] she earned a BA in mathematics with a minor in philosophy in 1958. 1. When you purchase through links on our site, we may earn an affiliate commission. Hamilton was initially hired as a programmer for this process but moved on into systems design. [17], Hamilton's early experience as a teacher fueled a lifelong interest in educational issues. She helped write the computer code for the command and lunar modules used on the Apollo missions to the Moon in the late 1960s and early 70s. New York, The original caption, she says, reads: Here, Margaret is shown standing beside listings of the software developed by her and the team she was in charge of, the LM [lunar module] and CM [command module] on-board flight software team.. From 1961 to 1963, Hamilton worked on the Semi-Automatic Ground Environment (SAGE) Project at the MIT Lincoln Lab,[14] where she was one of the programmers who wrote software for the prototype AN/FSQ-7 computer (the XD-1), used by the U.S. Air Force to search for possibly unfriendly aircraft. Four years later, she obtained the Bachelor of Arts in Mathematics at Earlham College, Richmond, Indiana (USA). [37] Jack Garman, a NASA computer engineer in mission control, recognized the meaning of the errors that were presented to the astronauts by the priority displays and shouted, "Go, go!" Qualification: BA in Mathematics with a Minor in Philosophy, College: Earlham College, University of Michigan, Profession: Computer Scientist, Systems Engineer and Business Owner, Known For: Director of the Software Engineering Division of the MIT Instrumentation Laboratory, which developed On-board Flight Software for NASAs Apollo Space Program, James Cox Hamilton; (m. 1958; div. She was director of the Software Engineering Division of the MIT Instrumentation Laboratory, which developed on-board flight software for NASA 's Apollo program. She appeared on an episode of Mister Rogers' Neighborhood in 1975 where she explained to children she was only playing a role and showed how putting on a costume "transformed" her into the witch. marriedcelebrity; April 19, 2019; Celebrity Gossip; Born as Margaret Heafield, she is an American system engineer, computer scientist and a woman entrepreneur as well. Submitted by Anonymous (not verified) on Wed, 2022-06-01 07:53, By Maia Weinstock | MIT News Office Danko made the fiery entrance to Munchkinland, not Hamilton. "It quickly became clear that the software was not only informing everyone that there was a hardware-related problem, but that the software was compensating for it. Throughout the 1970s, Hamilton lived in New York City's Gramercy Park neighborhood and appeared on local (and some national) public-service announcements for organizations promoting the welfare of pets. Both those elements were crucial during the Apollo 11 mission (1969), which took astronauts Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin to the Moon. Three minutes before the lunar lander reached the Moon's surface, several computer alarms were triggered. Armstrong had no time for lengthy explanations. As an adult, she worked on NASA's Apollo program, creating computer programs to guide spacecraft to and from the moon. We have estimated A Slight Case of Murder. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. ", /system/people/detail_images/320_Margaret_Hamilton.jpg, /system/people/list_images/320_Margaret_Hamilton_320.jpg. She often remarked about children coming up to her and asking her why she had been so mean to Dorothy. According to MIT, this was the first air defense system for the country and helped to push forward digital computing in the 1950s and 1960s. Until the day she died, she had children recognizing her and coming up to her to ask why she was so mean to Dorothy. Everything was done based on codes, so that they did not occupy too much space in the small memories of the computers, which were NOT made of silicon, but were housed in iron cores. Without exaggeration, it could be said that the heroes of the arrival to the Moon were four: Neil Armstrong, Buzz Aldrin, Michael Collins and Margaret Hamilton. She strove to work as much as possible to support herself and her son; she never put herself under contract to any one studio and priced her services at $1,000 ($18,800 with inflation[4]) a week.[5]. The solution came from a young Margaret who assured the Mission Director that she could safely ignore the two error messages. NASA Science Social Media Consolidation FAQ, Questions and Answers for SMD Bridge Program Workshop Organizing Committee, Biological and Physical Sciences Advisory Committee, PI Launchpad: Developing Your First Flight Mission Proposal, PI Launchpad: Pre-application Information Session, Questions and Answers about the PI Launchpad 2021 Virtual Workshop, Questions and Answers about the PI Launchpad 2023 In-Person Workshop, Science Mission Directorate PI Launchpad Workshop, Nationwide Eclipse Ballooning Project (NEBP), Ocean Community Engagement and Awareness using NASA Earth Observations and Science for Hispanic/Latino students, Best Practices for Establishing Part-Time/Time-Limited Supervisory Opportunities, Science Career Opportunities Planning and Exploration Workshop. Margaret H. Hamilton: Apollo Computer Programmer | Space She cofounded the company Higher Order Software in 1976 and established Hamilton Technologies 10 years later. Space is part of Future US Inc, an international media group and leading digital publisher. She is from USA. Margaret Hamilton was born on August 17, 1936. [20][41] They created a product called USE.IT, based on the HOS methodology they developed at MIT. Snyder, Lawrence and Henry, Ray Laura, "Fluency7 with Information Technology", Pearson, M. Hamilton, S. Zeldin (1976) "Higher order softwareA methodology for defining software". According to Hamilton, this now-iconic image (at left, above) was taken at MIT in 1969 by a staff photographer for the Instrumentation Laboratory later named the Draper Laboratory and today an independent organization for use in promotion of the labs work on the Apollo project. [7] Studio executives cut some of Hamilton's more frightening scenes, worrying they would frighten children too much. Hamilton and Morgan never share any scenes in Oz. Margaret HAMILTON - Scientific Women When asked about her experiences on the set of The Wizard of Oz, Hamilton said her biggest fear was that her monstrous film role would give children the wrong idea of who she really was. Cameron Diaz Biography, Facts & Life Story, Cam Newton Biography, Facts & Life Story, Roman Reigns Biography, Facts & Life Story, Lindsay Lohan Biography, Facts & Life Story, Christopher Lloyd Biography, Facts & Life Story, Michael Chiklis Biography, Facts & Life Story, Computer Scientist, Systems Engineer and Business Owner. Hamilton, M.; Hackler, W. R. (2004). In 1986 Margaret founded the company Hamilton Technologies in Cambridge, Massachusetts. She is one of the people credited with coining the term "software engineering". When she reprised her role as the Wicked Witch in a 1976 episode of Sesame Street, "the show's producers were flooded with letters from parents saying it was too frightening for children. However, once there, she preferred to accept work at MIT (Massachusetts Institute of Technology), as a software developer. Credit: Deansfa Marriage and family of Margaret Hamilton On August 17, 1936, Margaret Hamilton (ne Heafield) was born to Kenneth Heafield and Ruth Esther Heafield in Paoli, Indiana. At 83 years old, Margaret Hamilton height MIT's instrumentation lab received the contract for the Apollo guidance and control systems on Aug. 9, 1961, when the United States had accomplished only two spaceflights both with just one crewmember on board, and both in suborbital space. [18] In 1979, she was a guest speaker at a University of Connecticut children's literature class. [13][14][15] Her work contributed to Lorenz's publications on chaos theory. The Opportunity of a Lifetime. "From my own perspective, the software experience itself (designing it, developing it, evolving it, watching it perform and learning from it for future systems) was at least as exciting as the events surrounding the mission," she said. "Deeply Integrated Guidance Navigation Unit (DI-GNU) Common Software Architecture Principles". We had to find a way and we did. Biography:Margaret Hamilton (software engineer) - HandWiki Margaret Hamilton Biography Margaret Hamilton was born in Cleveland, Ohio on December 9, 1902, the youngest of four children and obtained her teaching certificate in 1923 from the Wheelock . Margaret Hamilton - Biography - IMDb CAPE ISLAND Tour boat operators sometimes entertained their passengers by referring to Cape Island as "Witch's Island." That's because the primary resident there, during summers from 1961 to 1985, was Margaret Hamilton, the actor who played the Wicked Witch of the West and Elmira Gulch in the 1939 film The Wizard of Oz.. With the intention of pursuing graduate studies, Margaret moved to Massachusetts. Wizard of Oz 'witch' loved her Maine island - The Working Waterfront President Barack Obama presents Apollo code developer Margaret Hamilton (at left) and "Apollo 13" actor Tom Hanks (right) with the Presidential Medal of Freedom on Nov. 22, 2016. Planetary science is a global profession. A kindergarten teacher in her native Cleveland, Margaret Hamilton began her acting career there in community theatre and with the prestigious Cleveland Playhouse. Margaret Hamilton was born in 1936 in the United States. [17], It was her efforts on this project that made her a candidate for the position at NASA as the lead developer for Apollo flight software. This system played a crucial role just before the Apollo 11 moon landing on July 20, 1969. It was her code that enabled the human race to travel to the moon and back. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Margaret Hamilton (December 9, 1902 - May 16, 1985) was an American film actress known for her portrayal of the Wicked Witch of the West in the 1939 film The Wizard of Oz. A brief history of the famous 1969 photo of the software that sent humans to the Moon. The studio hired a new stunt double, Aline Goodwin, to finish the broomstick-riding scene for Danko.[9]. "Hamilton was honored by NASA in 2003, when she was presented a special award recognizing the value of her innovations in the Apollo software development," NASA wrote in 2016. (Revised December 29, 2004). She knew everything about these vital programs. Although Margaret planned to study abstract mathematics at Brandeis University, she accepted a job at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) while her husband attended Harvard Law School. Her most visible appearances during this period were as general store owner, Cora, in a national series of television commercials for Maxwell House coffee. Margaret Hamilton Biography | Fandango SAGE was soon developed for military use in anti-aircraft air defense. This website uses cookies to improve your experience while you navigate through the website. [3] She also wrote software for a satellite tracking project at the Air Force Cambridge Research Laboratories. These cookies track visitors across websites and collect information to provide customized ads. Hamilton spent six weeks recovering from the incident and refused to do any more fire-related stunts on the film set. Margaret Hamilton: The Scientist who Led NASA's Moon Landing Mission! Dedication and commitment were a given. Biography of Margaret Hamilton, American scientist, notable computer scientist who worked at NASA in support of Apollo missions. In recent years, a striking photo of Hamilton and her teams Apollo code has made the rounds on social media and in articles detailing her key contributions to Apollo 11's success. Discover today's celebrity birthdays and explore famous people who share your birthday. Biography:Margaret Hamilton (scientist) - HandWiki By 1968, she was in charge of all Command Module software, which was all the software for navigation and lunar landing guidance. It then sent out an alarm, which meant to the astronaut, 'I'm overloaded with more tasks than I should be doing at this time and I'm going to keep only the more important tasks'; i.e., the ones needed for landing Actually, the computer was programmed to do more than recognize error conditions. Zack, Suzanne. Design & Development: (Apollo 13 aborted before landing due to an explosion in the command module's service area.). After only one crewed mission in Earth orbit Apollo 7 in early 1968 NASA elected to send Apollo 8's command module solo that December on an orbital mission to the moon, out of concerns that the Soviet Union would get there first. Hamilton led the software engineering division at Massachusetts Institute of Technology's Instrumentation Laboratory. Advertisement cookies are used to provide visitors with relevant ads and marketing campaigns. While studying mathematics and philosophy at Earlham College in Richmond, Indiana, she met James Hamilton, and they subsequently married. These cookies help provide information on metrics the number of visitors, bounce rate, traffic source, etc. Margaret H. Hamilton is a computer scientist who was instrumental to NASA's efforts to land humans on the moon in the 1960s and 1970s. This overloaded the central processing unit during the landing, but fortunately, the software recovered in the heated moments before Apollo 11 touched down. [4] They divorced in 1967 and Margaret married Dan Lickly two years later.[80][82]. As she grew, she quickly developed a passion for mathematics and decided to work in this domain. I said, 'Yes?' Margaret had already built her resume with several performances in film before she came to her most memorable and astronomically successful role, Almira Gulch / The Wicked Witch of the West in The Wizard of Oz (1939). The award included $37,200, the largest amount awarded to any individual in NASA's history. The cookie is set by the GDPR Cookie Consent plugin and is used to store whether or not user has consented to the use of cookies. Her solution: when you see a priority display, first count to After graduation she married her first husband, James Cox Hamilton, and . She went on to appear in These Three (1936), Saratoga, You Only Live Once, When's Your Birthday?, Nothing Sacred (all 1937), The Adventures of Tom Sawyer (1938), My Little Chickadee (with W. C. Fields, 1940), and The Sin of Harold Diddlebock (with Harold Lloyd, 1947). Elizabeth Howell (she/her), Ph.D., is a staff writer in the spaceflight channel since 2022 covering diversity, education and gaming as well. In the early 1970s, she joined the cast of another CBS soap opera, As the World Turns, on which she played Miss Peterson, Simon Gilbey's assistant. Contrary to her character, one of the top villains in movie . We had to find a way and we did. In that role, she took the lead on the software used to govern the flight dynamics of the Apollo spacecraft, which were used for six landing missions between 1969 and 1972. If the computer hadn't recognized this problem and taken recovery action, I doubt if Apollo 11 would have been the successful moon landing it was. [25], Her areas of expertise include: systems design and software development, enterprise and process modeling, development paradigm, formal systems modeling languages, system-oriented objects for systems modeling and development, automated life-cycle environments, methods for maximizing software reliability and reuse, domain analysis, correctness by built-in language properties, open-architecture techniques for robust systems, full life-cycle automation, quality assurance, seamless integration, error detection and recovery techniques, human-machine interface systems, operating systems, end-to-end testing techniques, and life-cycle management techniques. [47] In 1980, British-Israeli computer scientist David Harel published a proposal for a structured programming language derived from HOS from the viewpoint of and/or subgoals. Between 1969 and 1972, the Apollo program carried out 22 missions: 19 with total success, 2 with partial success and 1 with failure. Her son, interviewed for the 2005 DVD edition of the film, commented that Hamilton enjoyed the line so much, she sometimes used it in her real life. She was best known for her portrayal of the Wicked Witch of the West, and her Kansas counterpart Almira Gulch, in the 1939 Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer film The Wizard of Oz.[1]. [1], On November 22, 2016, Hamilton received the Presidential Medal of Freedom from president Barack Obama for her work leading to the development of on-board flight software for NASA's Apollo Moon missions. Margaret Heafield Hamilton (born Heafield on August 17, 1936) is an American computer scientist, systems engineer, and business owner.She is credited with coining the term, "software engineering".Hamilton was Director of the Software Engineering Division of the MIT Instrumentation Laboratory, which developed on-board flight software for the Apollo space program. Byla editelkou oddlen softwarovho inenrstv v MIT Instrumentation Laboratory, kter vyvjela letov software pro Program Apollo.V roce 1986 zaloila spolenost Hamilton Technologies, kter sdl ve mst Cambridge ve stt Massachusetts. A complete set of recovery programs was incorporated into the software. "[64][65], In 2019, to celebrate 50 years to the Apollo landing, Google decided to make a tribute to Hamilton. Margaret Hamilton (actress) - Wikipedia Margaret Hamilton - Biography, Height & Life Story - Super Stars Bio Margaret Hamilton, the actress whose role as the cackling Wicked Witch of the West in The Wizard of Oz unnerved generations of children, died yesterday, apparently of a heart attack, at a nursing home in Salisbury, Connecticut. She later attended Hathaway Brown School in Shaker Heights, Ohio, and practiced acting doing children's theater while a Junior League of Cleveland member. In later years, Hamilton made frequent . Elizabeth holds a Ph.D. and M.Sc. [16][18] These made her code incredibly reliable because they helped programmers identify and fix anomalies before they became major problems.[26]. Margaret H. Hamilton is a computer scientist who was instrumental to NASA's efforts to land humans on the moon in the 1960s and 1970s. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Performance". Looking back, we were the luckiest people in the world; there was no choice but to be pioneers. Daneman's nephew refused to meet Hamilton because even though he understood she was an actress, he thought it was still possible she really was like the character in the movie. "Every time the CPU approached overload, the software cleared out its entire queue of processes, restarted its functions; allowing only the highest priority ones to perform until the landing was completed," she said. What followed next were brief messages from Apollo 11 to Robledo de Chabela in Spain; and from Spain to Houston, where Margaret was; from Houston to Robledo; and from Robledo to Apollo 11. five.[28]. She played Morticia Addams' mother, Hester Frump, in three episodes of The Addams Family. In a few seconds he had to decide whether to land on the moon despite the risk or abort the landing and return with the honey on his lips. DAAAE30-02-D-1020 and DAAB07-98-D-H502/0180, Picatinny Arsenal, NJ, 20032004. We have a full Biography, Photos, Theatre Credits, and more! [20] Hamilton's team was responsible for developing in-flight software,[21] which included algorithms designed by various senior scientists for the Apollo command module, Apollo lunar module, and the subsequent Skylab. She graduated from Hancock High School and studied at the University . Margaret Brainard Hamilton (December 9, 1902 - May 16, 1985) was an American actress and educator. Hamilton left MIT in the mid-1970s to work in the private sector. In the early 1960s Hamilton joined MITs Lincoln Laboratory, where she was involved in the Semi-Automatic Ground Environment (SAGE) project, the first U.S. air defense system. This page was last edited on 26 February 2023, at 16:40. Discover Margaret Hamilton's Biography, Age, Height, Physical Stats, Dating/Affairs, Family and career updates. Looking back, we were the luckiest people in the world; there was no choice but to be pioneers. Margaret Hamilton (educator) (1871-1969), American educator Margaret Hamilton (actress) (1902-1985), American film character actress Margaret Hamilton (software engineer) (born 1936), American software engineer Margaret Hamilton (publisher) (1941-2022), Australian publisher of children's literature Click here if you want to see this biography in Spanish translation. Hamilton has a diverse background, including an undergraduate degree in mathematics from Earlham College in Indiana, and postgraduate work in meteorology at MIT. We also use third-party cookies that help us analyze and understand how you use this website. A brief history of the famous 1969 photo of the software that sent humans to the Moon. She was director of the Software Engineering Division of the MIT Instrumentation Laboratory, which developed on-board flight software for NASA 's Apollo program. When she was 80 years old, on November 22, 2016, Margaret Hamilton received the Presidential Medal of Freedom, presented by the President of the United States, Barack Obama, for her work at NASA during the Apollo missions. Hamilton was cast after Gale Sondergaard, who was first considered for the role, albeit as a more glamorous witch with a musical scene, declined the role when the decision was made that the witch should appear ugly.[6]. They have a daughter named Lauren. ..and your little dog, too!" The woman behind of cinema's most iconic villains, Cleveland-born Margaret .

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